# Rainbow Breathing for Kids: A Calm Breathing Exercise Rainbow breathing is a simple calming exercise for children: trace a rainbow arc in the air with your finger while you breathe in, then trace it back down while you breathe out. Each breath is one colour, so seven slow breaths make a full rainbow and a calm minute that children and adults can do anywhere. ## How to do rainbow breathing 1. Sit or stand comfortably. Hold one finger out in front of you, low on one side, where the rainbow starts. 2. Name the first colour, red. Breathe in slowly through your nose as you trace an arch up and over to the other side. 3. Breathe out slowly through your mouth, as if blowing gently on a dandelion, as you trace the arch back down. 4. Move on to orange, then yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, one slow breath for each colour. 5. After violet, rest your hands in your lap and breathe normally. Ask: "How does your body feel now?" 6. If seven breaths feel too long, do three: red, green and blue. Short and pleasant beats long and forced. The timer above paces a slow, even rhythm. Children do not need to match it; tracing the arc slowly is enough to slow the breath down. Adults can follow it as a gentle model. ## Make it a game - **Paper rainbow:** Draw a large rainbow on paper and trace each band with a finger, breathing in on the way up and out on the way down. Keep it by the bed or in a calm-down corner. - **Colour feelings:** Ask the child to breathe in a colour they like and breathe out a colour for something that felt hard today. - **Whole-body rainbow:** Younger children can raise both arms up and over the head on the breath in and lower them on the breath out. - **Class version:** Teachers can lead three colours together after recess or before a test, with everyone tracing in the air. ## When to use it - **Calm moments first:** Practise when your child is already settled, such as at bedtime or after a story. A skill learned when calm is easier to reach for when upset. - **Before something nerve-racking:** A few colours before school, a doctor's appointment or a performance. - **After big feelings, not during the peak:** In the middle of a meltdown, connection and safety come first. Offer rainbow breathing once the child can listen, or do it yourself next to them so they can copy. - **For grown-ups too:** Adults who find counted patterns stressful may like the visual version. For other options, see [deep belly breathing](/breathing/deep-breathing) and [box breathing](/breathing/box-breathing), or the full [breathing exercises guide](/breathing). Older children who get overwhelmed by noticing their breath may prefer [5-4-3-2-1 grounding](/grounding/54321-method). ## Who should be careful Keep breaths gentle and stop if anyone feels dizzy, lightheaded or tingly; that usually means they are breathing too deeply or too fast. Never make a child hold their breath. Children with asthma should follow their asthma action plan, and breathing exercises are not a replacement for an inhaler or medical care during an asthma attack. If your child has a heart or lung condition, or you are pregnant and doing it with them, keep the breaths small and comfortable. If a child often seems anxious, worried or upset, or it affects sleep, school or friendships, talk to their doctor, school counsellor or a children's mental health professional. Breathing games are a useful everyday tool, not a substitute for support. ## Why it works: what the research says No studies have tested rainbow breathing itself, so there is no evidence specific to this exercise. It is a slow-breathing practice with a visual guide, and slow breathing is well studied. A systematic review of slow breathing in healthy adults found it was associated with feeling more relaxed and less aroused, along with changes in heart rate variability. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of breathwork found small reductions in self-reported stress. Most of that research is in adults, and the effects are modest. For children, the main benefits are practical: tracing an arc slows the breath without counting, gives restless hands something to do, and makes the exercise feel like a game rather than an instruction. ## Frequently asked questions ### What age is rainbow breathing for? Most children from about four can follow it, especially with a picture to trace. Younger children may prefer the whole-body version with arms. Older children and adults can do it in the air with a finger. ### How many breaths should my child do? Three to seven, one per colour. Three is a good start. Stop sooner if your child gets bored or dizzy. ### Does rainbow breathing help with anxiety in kids? It can help a child feel calmer in the moment, as slow breathing does for many people. It is not a treatment for anxiety. A child whose worries are frequent or intense deserves support from a doctor or counsellor. ### Should my child breathe through the nose or mouth? Breathing in through the nose and out through the mouth slows the out-breath, but either is fine. Comfort matters more than technique. ### Can we use it at school? Yes. Many teachers use short breathing games at transitions. Keep it optional and brief, and let children who find breath focus uncomfortable simply trace the rainbow without changing their breathing. ## References - Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, et al. How breath-control can change your life: a systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2018. [doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353](https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353) - Fincham GW, Strauss C, Montero-Marin J, Cavanagh K. Effect of breathwork on stress and mental health: a meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. Scientific Reports. 2023. [doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27247-y](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27247-y) ## Update history - 2026-11-11: First published with steps, game variations for home and school, safety notes and evidence limits.